Urban and Rural landscapes: challenges to accomplish the sustainability in contemporary and world wide process of urbanization.

Ref.: 143
Área temática: 02 Integridad funcional de los paisajes urbanos históricos
Fecha de recepción: 28/09/2008

AUTORES (* Autor principal)

Ferreira Machado, Maria Helena * - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas/ São Paulo (Brasil)

EVALUACIÓN FINAL DEL COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO: Pendiente

ABSTRACT

Historical urban landscapes do not necessarily correspond to consolidated historical centers but to representative architectural or urban bodies of a meaningful past. In some cases, these urban premises have been obscured by the process of urban development which dislocated their historical center to another direction throughout time. In this sense significant urban landscapes can be found in small or great cities throughout a set of buildings that have been preserved in terms of original uses and functions. Sites with significant but (rather) few constructions can also be found, or even just one building that represents the past or the origins of certain urban centers. Examples of those are port areas, old hydroelectric plants, industries, etc...not necessarily identified as downtown activities but to a significant built heritage that is recognized by the community and which require politics for their maintenance. Rural areas can also hold back the memory and the history of places, many of them too close to extensive urbanized areas or in the fringes of urban centers, nowadays. Either urban or rural, they are recognized as the living history of those places, subjects of actions of preservation or not.

In recent years some Brazilian cities have been focus of governmental rehabilitation programs for central areas, resulting in the valuing of cultural and historical meanings of these urban landscapes. Many challenges are being faced in the processes of implementation of these programs; for instance, those regarding the mechanisms used for its implementation, or the necessary public and private funds investments for the patrimony recovery and to the conflicts between the preservation of historical sets and the pressures from the financial and real estate assets. In Brazil, the instruments of urban policies approved by Federal Law in 2001 can be applied in the urban rehabilitation projects that are in progress in some cities. This same law states that the municipal managing plans regulate urban and rural territory, nevertheless just a few mechanisms corroborate to the preservation, promotion or maintenance of rural areas and its activities. The same existing real estate assets strains inherent to urban areas are present in the rural ones, promoting a predatory and disperse urbanization that may destroy significant historical, cultural and natural landscapes.

To foster this discussion, this presentation intends to point out some aspects of the Brazilian legislation on urban, rural, environmental and heritage preservation policies. Moreover, other instruments will have to be presented as alternative of parameters for conservation of historical urban and rural sets. They have been used as a guideline to balance the decisions for approval of great enterprises that substantially modify the land uses, the constructive and population densities that will affect the support capability of the territory. These instruments can be used in the urban plans in order to value either urban or rural patrimony and the existing infrastructures already present in historical sets, as well as the potential of economic activities for the diversity of social segments.

BIBLIOGRAFÍA

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